A nuclear blast is an explosion with intense light and heat, a damaging
pressure wave and widespread radioactive material that can contaminate the air,
water and ground surfaces for miles around. During a nuclear incident, it is
important to avoid radioactive material, if possible. While experts may predict
at this time that a nuclear attack is less likely than other types, terrorism by
its nature is unpredictable.
If there is advanced warning of an attack
Take cover immediately, as far below ground as possible, though any shield or
shelter will help protect you from the immediate effects of the blast and the
pressure wave.
If there is no warning
-Quickly assess the situation.
-Consider if you can get out of the area or if it would be better to go inside a
building to limit the amount of radioactive material you are exposed to.
-If you take shelter go as far below ground as possible, close windows and
doors, turn off air conditioners, heaters or other ventilation systems. Stay
where you are, watch TV, listen to the radio, or check the Internet for official
news as it becomes available.
-To limit the amount of radiation you are exposed to, think about shielding,
distance and time.
-Shielding: If you have a thick shield between yourself and the radioactive
materials more of the radiation will be absorbed, and you will be exposed to
less.
-Distance: The farther away you are away from the blast and the fallout the
lower your exposure.
-Time: Minimizing time spent exposed will also reduce your risk.
Use available information to assess the situation. If there is a significant
radiation threat, health care authorities may or may not advise you to take
potassium iodide. Potassium iodide is the same stuff added to your table salt to
make it iodized. It may or may not protect your thyroid gland, which is
particularly vulnerable, from radioactive iodine exposure. Plan to speak with
your health care provider in advance about what makes sense for your family.
Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security